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Learning barriers at the workplace: Development and validation of a measurement instrument - Frontiers

unknownJuly 15, 2022 43 min read
workplace learning learning barriers informal learning formal learning scale development psychometrics consultancy organizational learning employee development

Editorial summary. This is our text summary of an article published by gnews-learning-development. Charts, figures, and the author’s full voice are at the original — read it there .

Editorial verdict

Methodologically credible but narrow in scope — the validated scales show acceptable psychometric properties, but the exclusive use of consultancy employees limits generalizability; treat the instrument as a useful starting point for sector-specific research rather than a universal diagnostic tool.

Executive summary

This study addresses a gap in the workplace learning literature: while facilitating factors to learning have been extensively studied, measurement instruments specifically targeting learning barriers remain underdeveloped. The authors argue that barriers to informal and formal learning require distinct, validated measurement tools that capture individual, team, and organizational dimensions. Drawing on a pre-study of 26 consultancy professionals via semi-structured interviews, the researchers developed a novel instrument informed by existing instruments from Belling et al. (2004) and Crouse et al. (2011). The resulting questionnaire was validated with a cross-sectional sample of 112 consultancy employees and freelancers using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency assessment, and convergent validity testing. The final instrument yielded a three-factor scale for formal learning barriers and a two-factor scale for informal learning barriers, with Cronbach's alpha values ranging between 0.80 and 0.86. The authors conclude that the validated scales can help organizations identify hindrances to workplace learning and identify areas for structural or cultural change.

researchRelevance: 7/10Europe

Key insights

  • 1Barriers to workplace learning are distinct from facilitators and are not universal — what functions as a barrier for one group of learners may serve as a facilitator for another, depending on individual and contextual factors.
  • 2The study distinguishes between three types of learning barriers: external barriers (e.g., authoritative restrictions, bounded agency), internal barriers (e.g., personal motivation, uncertainty), and fitting problems (e.g., alienation between learner and work tasks due to structural misalignment).
  • 3The validated instrument produces separate factor structures for formal learning (three factors) and informal learning (two factors), suggesting that barriers to these two learning modes are psychometrically distinct and warrant separate measurement.

Practical takeaways

  • Organizations in knowledge-intensive service sectors can use the validated five-category framework — individual, interpersonal, structural/cultural, technological, and change/uncertainty barriers — as a diagnostic lens to identify where learning is being inhibited.
  • The instrument's separation of formal and informal learning barriers allows practitioners to distinguish between barriers that affect structured training programs versus those that affect day-to-day experiential and social learning.

References

  1. Belling et al. (2004).Barriers and facilitators to workplace learning.
  2. Crouse et al. (2011).Factors hindering learning at the workplace.
  3. Marsick and Watkins (2001).Informal and formal learning at the workplace.
  4. Tynjälä (2008).Conceptualization of workplace learning.
  5. Kyndt et al. (2018).Facilitating factors to learning at the workplace.
  6. Boeren (2016).Participation in adult education.
  7. Simons and Ruijters (2004).Informal and formal learning activities.
  8. Skule (2004).Learning conditions in the workplace.
  9. Doornbos et al. (2008).Work-related learning components.
  10. Jacobs and Park (2009).Learning cells and workplace learning.
  11. Billett (2022).Workplace learning and work experience.
  12. Decius et al. (2021).Employee characteristics and learning culture.
  13. Argyris and Schön (1996).Organizational learning.

Source & Provenance

Verified
Publisher / Source

gnews-learning-development

Author

Not specified

Publication Date

July 15, 2022

Article Type

Research Study

Geography

Europe

Content Type
Unknown Source Type
Original Source

Original source metadata is preserved. AI analysis is generated separately.

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